How to effectively control the emission of harmful gases in industrial discharge systems

Industrial discharge systems play a key role in modern industrial production. With the increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations, controlling the emission of harmful gases has become an important task that cannot be avoided by enterprises in various industries. Effective waste gas treatment not only helps to reduce environmental pollution, but also enhances the social responsibility image and market competitiveness of enterprises.

Classification and hazards of harmful components in industrial waste gas
Industrial waste gas mainly includes sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) and some heavy metal vapors. These pollutants have a serious impact on the atmospheric environment and human health. For example, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the main causes of acid rain, and volatile organic compounds are precursors of ozone layer depletion and photochemical smog. Controlling the emission of these harmful gases is the basis for achieving air quality standards.

Overview of industrial waste gas treatment technology
Absorption method
The absorption method captures harmful components in waste gas through liquid absorbents, which is a common method for controlling acid gases such as SO₂. The wet flue gas desulfurization system (FGD) uses limestone slurry to absorb sulfur dioxide and react to generate gypsum, which has the advantages of waste gas treatment and resource utilization of by-products.
Adsorption method
Adsorption technology is suitable for the treatment of low-concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and some harmful gases. The activated carbon adsorber captures harmful components in the exhaust gas through physical adsorption, and then regenerates the activated carbon through thermal desorption or steam desorption.
Catalytic and non-catalytic combustion methods
Catalytic combustion reduces the combustion temperature of harmful gases through catalysts, converting harmful gases such as VOCs and CO into carbon dioxide and water. Non-catalytic combustion relies on high-temperature oxidation to effectively reduce harmful gas emissions.
Low-temperature plasma and photocatalytic technology
Emerging plasma technology uses high-energy electrons to excite exhaust gas molecules to decompose or transform harmful substances. Photocatalytic technology uses photocatalysts to catalytically degrade harmful gases under light conditions, which is suitable for low-concentration exhaust gas treatment.

Key control points in system design
Waste gas pretreatment
Effective pretreatment measures can extend the service life of treatment equipment and improve treatment efficiency. For example, dust collectors can remove particulate matter first, reducing the load of subsequent absorption or catalytic devices.
Exhaust gas homogenization and temperature and humidity regulation
The uniformity of exhaust gas flow and composition is crucial to the stable operation of subsequent treatment equipment. By rationally designing air ducts and temperature and humidity control devices, ensure that the exhaust gas conditions meet the treatment process requirements.
Multi-stage joint treatment solution
For complex exhaust gas, a multi-stage treatment process combination is used to achieve coordinated control. Common combinations include dust removal-desulfurization-denitrification-catalytic combustion, which effectively covers a variety of harmful gases.

Operation management and monitoring technology
Online monitoring system
Build a complete online monitoring platform to achieve real-time monitoring of pollutants such as SO₂, NOₓ, CO, and VOCs. Through data collection and analysis, abnormalities are discovered in time, operating parameters are adjusted, and emissions meet standards.
Equipment maintenance and regular overhaul
Ensure the normal operation of exhaust gas treatment equipment to avoid excessive emissions due to equipment failure. Regular cleaning of catalysts, checking sealing, and calibrating sensors are basic work to ensure the stable operation of the system.